{"id":9,"date":"2016-04-15T16:07:42","date_gmt":"2016-04-15T16:07:42","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/globalboston.bc.edu\/?page_id=9"},"modified":"2025-02-13T17:39:43","modified_gmt":"2025-02-13T17:39:43","slug":"first-wave","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/globalboston.bc.edu\/index.php\/home\/eras-of-migration\/first-wave\/","title":{"rendered":"First Wave, 1820-1880"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"wpb-content-wrapper\">[vc_row][vc_column css=&#8221;.vc_custom_1463012516355{margin-top: -40px !important;padding-top: 15px !important;padding-right: 15px !important;padding-left: 15px !important;background-color: #ffffff !important;}&#8221;][vc_column_text css=&#8221;.vc_custom_1463073869751{margin-top: -20px !important;border-top-width: 0px !important;border-bottom-width: 10px !important;padding-top: 15px !important;padding-bottom: 15px !important;}&#8221;]\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><em>Immigrants arriving at Constitution Wharf in Boston. <\/em><em>From <\/em>Ballou&#8217;s Pictorial<em>, October 31, 1857.<\/em><\/p>\n[\/vc_column_text]<style>.vcex-heading.vcex_69e749d91bd1d{font-size:36px;}<\/style><div class=\"vcex-heading vcex-heading-plain vcex-module wpex-heading wpex-text-2xl vc_custom_1463750969511 vcex_69e749d91bd1d\"><span class=\"vcex-heading-inner wpex-inline-block\">First Wave Immigration, 1820-1880<\/span><\/div><div class=\"vcex-spacing wpex-w-100 wpex-clear\" style=\"height:15px;\"><\/div>[vc_column_text css=&#8221;.vc_custom_1532704619263{padding-right: 30px !important;padding-bottom: 30px !important;padding-left: 30px !important;background-color: #ffffff !important;}&#8221;]During the nineteenth century, Boston evolved from a bustling port town to a booming industrial city. Through landfill and annexations, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.iboston.org\/rg\/backbayImap.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">the city\u2019s footprint grew dramatically<\/a>, from 1.5 to more than 40 square miles,\u00a0while its population increased more than eight fold from 1820-1880. As shoe and textile factories sprouted up across Massachusetts, railroad building accelerated, connecting Boston to towns across the region and markets further west. At the same time, the city\u2019s burgeoning port and maritime commerce sent local traders and missionaries across the globe, fostering contacts abroad that migrants would follow back to Boston. By 1880, the Census counted more than 114,000 immigrants in the city\u2014nearly a third of its population.<\/p>\n<p>The <a href=\"http:\/\/globalboston.bc.edu\/index.php\/home\/ethnic-groups\/irish\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Irish<\/a> made up the majority of immigrants in this period, particularly during the famine years of the 1840s and 1850s when they comprised more than 90 percent of the city\u2019s foreign-born residents. Germans, <a href=\"http:\/\/globalboston.bc.edu\/index.php\/home\/ethnic-groups\/canadians\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Canadians<\/a>, and those from England and Scotland came in smaller numbers. Many newcomers initially settled in the North End and Fort Hill (near the present financial district), as older Yankee residents moved out. By mid century, however, Irish and other immigrants were fanning out to the South and West Ends and to nearby settlements in Charlestown, East Boston, Cambridge and Lynn.<\/p>\n<p>For many new arrivals, Boston proved to be a temporary destination and jumping-off point for jobs in outlying mill towns or work building railroads, canals, and other construction projects. Within the Boston area, immigrant men worked as day laborers and skilled tradesmen, while women found work in domestic service and sewing. Immigrant mothers also worked in their own homes, taking in boarders and laundry to earn income for their families. During the Civil War, trans-Atlantic immigration was disrupted and continued to decline during the 1860s. It soon rebounded, but by the 1880s the sources of that migration began to shift. <a href=\"http:\/\/globalboston.bc.edu\/index.php\/home\/eras-of-migration\/test-page-2\/\">(Continue reading on Second Wave Immigration, 1880-1921)<\/a>[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row][vc_column width=&#8221;1\/3&#8243;]<style>.vcex-teaser.vcex_69e749d91c626 .vcex-teaser-heading{color:#494949;}<\/style><div class=\"vcex-module vcex-teaser wpex-flex wpex-flex-col vc_custom_1617134785016 vcex_69e749d91c626\"><div class=\"vcex-teaser-media wpex-mb-20\"><a href=\"http:\/\/globalboston.bc.edu\/index.php\/home\/eras-of-migration\/test-page-2\/\" class=\"wpex-no-underline\"><img width=\"937\" height=\"609\" src=\"https:\/\/globalboston.bc.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/SS-Canopic-e1460744760661.jpg\" class=\"wpex-align-middle\" alt=\"A photograph of the bow of a ship taking immigrants to Boston. Many individuals gather at the railings on the sides of the ship as it comes into port.\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" srcset=\"https:\/\/globalboston.bc.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/SS-Canopic-e1460744760661.jpg 937w, https:\/\/globalboston.bc.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/SS-Canopic-e1460744760661-300x195.jpg 300w, https:\/\/globalboston.bc.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/SS-Canopic-e1460744760661-768x499.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 937px) 100vw, 937px\" \/><\/a><\/div><div class=\"vcex-teaser-content\"><h2 class=\"vcex-teaser-heading wpex-heading wpex-text-lg wpex-child-inherit-color\"><a href=\"http:\/\/globalboston.bc.edu\/index.php\/home\/eras-of-migration\/test-page-2\/\" class=\"wpex-no-underline\">Second Wave, 1880-1921<\/a><\/h2><div class=\"vcex-teaser-text wpex-mt-10 wpex-last-mb-0 wpex-clr\"><p>Booming\u00a0industrial growth in this period\u00a0attracted thousands of new workers and their families from Russia, Italy, China, and other\u00a0locales.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div>[\/vc_column][vc_column width=&#8221;1\/3&#8243;]<style>.vcex-teaser.vcex_69e749d91cdd9 .vcex-teaser-heading{color:#494949;}<\/style><div class=\"vcex-module vcex-teaser wpex-flex wpex-flex-col vc_custom_1617134808207 vcex_69e749d91cdd9\"><div class=\"vcex-teaser-media wpex-mb-20\"><a href=\"http:\/\/globalboston.bc.edu\/index.php\/home\/eras-of-migration\/\" class=\"wpex-no-underline\"><img width=\"500\" height=\"308\" src=\"https:\/\/globalboston.bc.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/EB-Immigration-Station-Globe.jpg\" class=\"wpex-align-middle\" alt=\"\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" srcset=\"https:\/\/globalboston.bc.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/EB-Immigration-Station-Globe.jpg 500w, https:\/\/globalboston.bc.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/EB-Immigration-Station-Globe-300x185.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\" \/><\/a><\/div><div class=\"vcex-teaser-content\"><h2 class=\"vcex-teaser-heading wpex-heading wpex-text-lg wpex-child-inherit-color\"><a href=\"http:\/\/globalboston.bc.edu\/index.php\/home\/eras-of-migration\/\" class=\"wpex-no-underline\">Restriction Era, 1921-1965<\/a><\/h2><div class=\"vcex-teaser-text wpex-mt-10 wpex-last-mb-0 wpex-clr\"><p>Following\u00a0the restrictive and discriminatory legislation of the 1920s, this era saw the lowest levels of immigration since the early nineteenth century.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div>[\/vc_column][vc_column width=&#8221;1\/3&#8243;]<style>.vcex-teaser.vcex_69e749d91d4f4 .vcex-teaser-heading{color:#494949;}<\/style><div class=\"vcex-module vcex-teaser wpex-flex wpex-flex-col vc_custom_1617134825648 vcex_69e749d91d4f4\"><div class=\"vcex-teaser-media wpex-mb-20\"><a href=\"http:\/\/globalboston.bc.edu\/index.php\/home\/eras-of-migration\/\" class=\"wpex-no-underline\"><img width=\"1200\" height=\"824\" src=\"https:\/\/globalboston.bc.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/Immigrants1200.jpg\" class=\"wpex-align-middle\" alt=\"Many men and women stand with their right hand over their heart, holding an American flag and naturalization papers, in the process of taking their oath of citizenship. People are gathered on the floor of Faneuil Hall, but some too in a second-floor gallery.\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" srcset=\"https:\/\/globalboston.bc.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/Immigrants1200.jpg 1200w, https:\/\/globalboston.bc.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/Immigrants1200-300x206.jpg 300w, https:\/\/globalboston.bc.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/Immigrants1200-768x527.jpg 768w, https:\/\/globalboston.bc.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/Immigrants1200-1024x703.jpg 1024w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1200px) 100vw, 1200px\" \/><\/a><\/div><div class=\"vcex-teaser-content\"><h2 class=\"vcex-teaser-heading wpex-heading wpex-text-lg wpex-child-inherit-color\"><a href=\"http:\/\/globalboston.bc.edu\/index.php\/home\/eras-of-migration\/\" class=\"wpex-no-underline\">Global Era, 1965-present<\/a><\/h2><div class=\"vcex-teaser-text wpex-mt-10 wpex-last-mb-0 wpex-clr\"><p>Changing refugee policies and the 1965 Immigration Act ushered in a new global era of migration, giving greater Boston a strikingly diverse population.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div>[\/vc_column][\/vc_row]\n<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>[vc_row][vc_column css=&#8221;.vc_custom_1463012516355{margin-top: -40px !important;padding-top: 15px !important;padding-right: 15px !important;padding-left: 15px !important;background-color: #ffffff !important;}&#8221;][vc_column_text css=&#8221;.vc_custom_1463073869751{margin-top: -20px !important;border-top-width: 0px !important;border-bottom-width: 10px !important;padding-top: 15px !important;padding-bottom: 15px !important;}&#8221;] Immigrants arriving at Constitution Wharf in Boston. From Ballou&#8217;s Pictorial, October 31, 1857. [\/vc_column_text][vc_column_text css=&#8221;.vc_custom_1532704619263{padding-right: 30px !important;padding-bottom: 30px !important;padding-left: 30px !important;background-color: #ffffff !important;}&#8221;]During the nineteenth century, Boston evolved from a bustling port&hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":140,"parent":56,"menu_order":1,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-9","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","entry","has-media"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v26.8 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>First Wave, 1820-1880 - Global Boston<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/globalboston.bc.edu\/index.php\/home\/eras-of-migration\/first-wave\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"First Wave, 1820-1880 - Global Boston\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"[vc_row][vc_column css=&#8221;.vc_custom_1463012516355{margin-top: -40px !important;padding-top: 15px !important;padding-right: 15px !important;padding-left: 15px !important;background-color: #ffffff !important;}&#8221;][vc_column_text css=&#8221;.vc_custom_1463073869751{margin-top: -20px !important;border-top-width: 0px !important;border-bottom-width: 10px !important;padding-top: 15px !important;padding-bottom: 15px !important;}&#8221;] Immigrants arriving at Constitution Wharf in Boston. 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