{"id":306,"date":"2016-05-19T14:50:08","date_gmt":"2016-05-19T14:50:08","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/globalboston.bc.edu\/?page_id=306"},"modified":"2024-02-20T22:56:49","modified_gmt":"2024-02-20T22:56:49","slug":"syrianslebanese-and-arab-americans","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/globalboston.bc.edu\/index.php\/home\/ethnic-groups\/syrianslebanese-and-arab-americans\/","title":{"rendered":"Syrians, Lebanese and Other Arab Americans"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"wpb-content-wrapper\">[vc_row][vc_column][vc_column_text css=&#8221;.vc_custom_1467996007118{margin-top: -40px !important;border-top-width: 0px !important;border-bottom-width: 10px !important;padding-top: 15px !important;padding-bottom: 15px !important;background-color: #ffffff !important;}&#8221;]\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><em>Syrian immigrants on Hudson Street, Boston 1909. Lace work was a common occupation among Syrian women. Courtesy of the Trustees of Boston Public Library.<\/em><\/p>\n[\/vc_column_text]<style>.vcex-heading.vcex_69e991cd25700{font-size:36px;}<\/style><div class=\"vcex-heading vcex-heading-plain vcex-module wpex-heading wpex-text-2xl vc_custom_1463750915118 vcex_69e991cd25700\"><span class=\"vcex-heading-inner wpex-inline-block\">Syrians, Lebanese and Other Arab Americans<\/span><\/div>[vc_column_text css=&#8221;.vc_custom_1684336182039{padding-right: 30px !important;padding-bottom: 30px !important;padding-left: 30px !important;background-color: #ffffff !important;}&#8221;]Arab immigrants from the Eastern Mediterranean\u2014mainly those from what is now Syria and Lebanon\u2014began settling in the Boston area in the 1880s. Overwhelmingly Christian, these Arab newcomers left an ailing silk industry and a declining agricultural sector as well as a growing burden of taxation and conscription under the Ottoman Empire. Many of them came from the mountainous areas of northern Lebanon (then called Mount Lebanon) around Bsharri and Zahle as well as from Damascus.<\/p>\n<p>Initially, male sojourners made up the bulk of the migrant population, with many returning to their homeland after a few years. By the early twentieth century, however, women and children had joined the migrant stream, and many Syrian families settled permanently in Massachusetts. Younger women and widows, in fact, were sometimes the first to migrate in their families and helped bring other relatives over. At the time, Boston had the second largest Syrian community in the United States after New York.<\/p>\n<p>Syrian immigration was dramatically curtailed in the 1920s, but with the passage of the 1965 Immigration Act, a new wave of Arab immigrants arrived in greater Boston. Responding to the postcolonial nation-building efforts of the 1960s and 1970s, many of them first came as students to train at local universities. Those from Syria and Lebanon were now joined by newcomers from Egypt, Morocco, and other Arab countries. Unlike the earlier Syrian arrivals, many were urban, educated professionals and most were Muslims.<\/p>\n<p>Recurrent wars in the Middle East\u2014the Lebanese civil war (1975-1990), the Arab-Israeli conflict, the Persian Gulf War (1991), and the ongoing conflicts in Iraq and Syria\u2014also led to refugee crises that fueled further emigration. In the wake of the terrorist attacks of 9\/11, though, immigration from many predominantly Muslim countries has become more difficult, while fears of terrorism have fueled a <a href=\"http:\/\/globalboston.bc.edu\/index.php\/nativism-and-racism\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">nativist backlash<\/a> against Arab and Muslim immigrants that continues to the present.<\/p>\n<h3><strong>Patterns of Settlement<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>Prior to World War I, most Syrian immigrants clustered in the South Cove neighborhood that would become known as Little Syria or Syriantown and later Chinatown. The earliest arrivals in the 1880s and 1890s settled alongside Chinese immigrants on Oliver Place (now Ping On Alley) and Oxford and Edinboro Streets. As more newcomers arrived, they spread southward, replacing older native-born and Irish residents along Tyler and Hudson Streets and Harrison Avenue. Anchored by three Christian churches\u2014Maronite, Melkite, and Orthodox\u2014the area south of Kneeland Street became the center of Syrian settlement with numerous churches, bakeries and coffee houses serving as communal centers.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_659\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-659\" style=\"width: 528px\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-659\" src=\"https:\/\/globalboston.bc.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/05\/Syrian-Slum-in-Quincy-crop.jpg\" alt=\"From the early 20th century until after World War II, Syrians lived in this Quincy Point neighborhood near the Fore River shipyards. Courtesy of the National Archives.\" width=\"528\" height=\"402\" srcset=\"https:\/\/globalboston.bc.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/05\/Syrian-Slum-in-Quincy-crop.jpg 837w, https:\/\/globalboston.bc.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/05\/Syrian-Slum-in-Quincy-crop-300x229.jpg 300w, https:\/\/globalboston.bc.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/05\/Syrian-Slum-in-Quincy-crop-768x585.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 528px) 100vw, 528px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-659\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><em>From the early 20th century until after World War II, several hundred Muslim immigrants from Syria and Lebanon lived in this Quincy Point neighborhood near the Fore River shipyards. Courtesy of the National Archives.<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\">As late as 1920, nearly three quarters of Boston\u2019s Syrian immigrants still lived in Syriantown. But in the interwar period, Syrian settlement spread across the South End, centering along Shawmut Avenue. Muslim immigrants, by contrast, were concentrated in Quincy in a much smaller community near the shipyards in Quincy Point. After World War II, many Syrian and Lebanese families bought homes in West Roxbury and Roslindale, and their Christian churches followed. The Arab students who arrived after 1965 tended to live near universities in Boston and Cambridge; those who stayed after graduating joined a growing community of Arab professionals who settled across the western suburbs.<\/p>\n<h3><strong>Workforce Participation<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>The first generation of Syrian settlers mainly worked as peddlers. Carrying fabrics, linens, lace, and other goods in boxes on their backs, peddlers went door-to-door in Boston and nearby suburbs selling their wares. Others ventured to rural areas across New England or traveled by train across routes that stretched as far as the Midwest. While men dominated the early peddling trade, Syrian women became a common sight on local streets in the early twentieth century. Successful peddlers might use their profits to buy a horse and wagon, but in the long run, many looked to open their own dry goods and grocery stores.<\/p>\n<p>Syrian immigrants were also drawn to the region\u2019s manufacturing industries. While thousands labored in the textile mills of Lawrence and New Bedford, Syrians in Boston worked mainly in the garment shops along Harrison Avenue. Together with Jewish needleworkers, Syrians became a mainstay of the local garment industry prior to World War II. And like the Jews, the more successful opened their own shops where they employed women and men from their homelands. Syrian workers were also well represented in the local shoe and candy industries.<\/p>\n<p>Like other immigrant groups from the Mediterranean, Syrians aspired to own property and start small businesses. Many used their earnings as peddlers or factory workers to buy small stores or South End town houses that they turned into rooming houses for local workers. It was not until the second generation or after that Syrian Americans entered professional work in large numbers. By contrast, Arab immigrants arriving after 1965 found employment in higher paying fields such as medicine, information technology, engineering, and research science.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/globalboston.bc.edu\/index.php\/home\/bibliography\/#syrians\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><strong>Sources and Further Reading<\/strong><\/a>[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row][vc_column width=&#8221;1\/3&#8243;]<style>.vcex-teaser.vcex_69e991cd26491 .vcex-teaser-heading{color:#494949;}<\/style><div class=\"vcex-module vcex-teaser wpex-flex wpex-flex-col vc_custom_1653502495219 vcex_69e991cd26491\"><div class=\"vcex-teaser-media wpex-mb-20 responsive-video-wrap\"><span class=\"wpex-responsive-media\"><iframe title=\"The Lost Syrian Neighborhood In Boston, Part 1\" width=\"980\" height=\"551\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/EdAoG55bwuk?feature=oembed\"  allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe><\/span><\/div><div class=\"vcex-teaser-content\"><h2 class=\"vcex-teaser-heading wpex-heading wpex-text-lg wpex-child-inherit-color\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=EdAoG55bwuk\" class=\"wpex-no-underline\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Life in Syriantown<\/a><\/h2><div class=\"vcex-teaser-text wpex-mt-10 wpex-last-mb-0 wpex-clr\"><p>Watch a film clip on life in Boston&#8217;s Syriantown as told by longtime resident Olivia Waishek and journalist Omar Duwaji. Courtesy of Al Jazeera.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div>[\/vc_column][vc_column width=&#8221;1\/3&#8243; css=&#8221;.vc_custom_1573333530779{margin-top: -40px !important;}&#8221;]<style>.vcex-teaser.vcex_69e991cd270e9 .vcex-teaser-heading{color:#494949;}<\/style><div class=\"vcex-module vcex-teaser wpex-flex wpex-flex-col vc_custom_1653502449528 vcex_69e991cd270e9\"><div class=\"vcex-teaser-media wpex-mb-20 responsive-video-wrap\"><span class=\"wpex-responsive-media\"><iframe title=\"My Immigrant Parents Starting Over: From Damascus To Boston, Part 2\" width=\"980\" height=\"551\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/5NsiqUtzWec?feature=oembed\"  allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe><\/span><\/div><div class=\"vcex-teaser-content\"><h2 class=\"vcex-teaser-heading wpex-heading wpex-text-lg wpex-child-inherit-color\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=5NsiqUtzWec&#038;feature=emb_title\" class=\"wpex-no-underline\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">From Damascus to Boston<\/a><\/h2><div class=\"vcex-teaser-text wpex-mt-10 wpex-last-mb-0 wpex-clr\"><p>Omar Duwaji chronicles his family&#8217;s move to greater Boston in the 1980s and how different family members have integrated into life in Massachusetts as Syrians, Muslims, and Americans. Courtesy of Al Jazeera.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div>[\/vc_column][vc_column width=&#8221;1\/3&#8243;]<style>.vcex-teaser.vcex_69e991cd27b98 .vcex-teaser-heading{color:#494949;}<\/style><div class=\"vcex-module vcex-teaser wpex-flex wpex-flex-col vc_custom_1708469799475 vcex_69e991cd27b98\"><div class=\"vcex-teaser-media wpex-mb-20\"><a href=\"https:\/\/globalboston.bc.edu\/index.php\/restaurants-protype\/syrian-restaurants-in-boston\/\" class=\"wpex-no-underline\" title=\"Syrian Restaurants in Boston\"><img width=\"1216\" height=\"806\" src=\"https:\/\/globalboston.bc.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/Nile-thumbnail.png\" class=\"wpex-align-middle\" alt=\"\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" srcset=\"https:\/\/globalboston.bc.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/Nile-thumbnail.png 1216w, https:\/\/globalboston.bc.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/Nile-thumbnail-300x199.png 300w, https:\/\/globalboston.bc.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/Nile-thumbnail-768x509.png 768w, https:\/\/globalboston.bc.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/Nile-thumbnail-1024x679.png 1024w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1216px) 100vw, 1216px\" \/><\/a><\/div><div class=\"vcex-teaser-content\"><h2 class=\"vcex-teaser-heading wpex-heading wpex-text-lg wpex-child-inherit-color\"><a href=\"https:\/\/globalboston.bc.edu\/index.php\/restaurants-protype\/syrian-restaurants-in-boston\/\" class=\"wpex-no-underline\" title=\"Syrian Restaurants in Boston\">Boston's Syrian Restaurants<\/a><\/h2><div class=\"vcex-teaser-text wpex-mt-10 wpex-last-mb-0 wpex-clr\"><p>Syrian restaurants first appeared in Boston in the 1890s. At first considered mysterious and unappetizing, Syrian cuisine soon enjoyed a growing popularity in Boston as it spread from Little Syria to the South End and beyond.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div>[\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row][vc_column][vc_btn title=&#8221;Return to Ethnic Groups&#8221; style=&#8221;3d&#8221; color=&#8221;inverse&#8221; align=&#8221;center&#8221; link=&#8221;url:http%3A%2F%2Fglobalboston.bc.edu%2Findex.php%2Fhome%2Fethnic-groups%2F||&#8221;][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row][vc_column][\/vc_column][\/vc_row]\n<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>[vc_row][vc_column][vc_column_text css=&#8221;.vc_custom_1467996007118{margin-top: -40px !important;border-top-width: 0px !important;border-bottom-width: 10px !important;padding-top: 15px !important;padding-bottom: 15px !important;background-color: #ffffff !important;}&#8221;] Syrian immigrants on Hudson Street, Boston 1909. Lace work was a common occupation among Syrian women. Courtesy of the Trustees of Boston Public Library. [\/vc_column_text][vc_column_text css=&#8221;.vc_custom_1684336182039{padding-right: 30px !important;padding-bottom: 30px !important;padding-left: 30px !important;background-color: #ffffff !important;}&#8221;]Arab immigrants from the Eastern Mediterranean\u2014mainly those from&hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":656,"parent":151,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-306","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","entry","has-media"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v26.8 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Syrians, Lebanese and Other Arab Americans - Global Boston<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/globalboston.bc.edu\/index.php\/home\/ethnic-groups\/syrianslebanese-and-arab-americans\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Syrians, Lebanese and Other Arab Americans - Global Boston\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"[vc_row][vc_column][vc_column_text css=&#8221;.vc_custom_1467996007118{margin-top: -40px !important;border-top-width: 0px !important;border-bottom-width: 10px !important;padding-top: 15px !important;padding-bottom: 15px !important;background-color: #ffffff !important;}&#8221;] Syrian immigrants on Hudson Street, Boston 1909. Lace work was a common occupation among Syrian women. Courtesy of the Trustees of Boston Public Library. 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Lace work was a common occupation among Syrian women. 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