{"id":288,"date":"2016-05-16T14:59:59","date_gmt":"2016-05-16T14:59:59","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/globalboston.bc.edu\/?page_id=288"},"modified":"2024-10-15T21:22:29","modified_gmt":"2024-10-15T21:22:29","slug":"chinese","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/globalboston.bc.edu\/index.php\/home\/ethnic-groups\/chinese\/","title":{"rendered":"Chinese"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"wpb-content-wrapper\">[vc_row][vc_column][vc_column_text css=&#8221;.vc_custom_1467994698374{margin-top: -40px !important;border-top-width: 0px !important;border-bottom-width: 10px !important;padding-top: 15px !important;padding-bottom: 15px !important;background-color: #ffffff !important;}&#8221;]\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><em>Chinese funeral on Harrison Street in Chinatown, ca. 1890. Courtesy of the Trustees of Boston Public Library.<\/em><\/p>\n[\/vc_column_text]<style>.vcex-heading.vcex_69e91ae7d991b{font-size:36px;}<\/style><div class=\"vcex-heading vcex-heading-plain vcex-module wpex-heading wpex-text-2xl vc_custom_1464705452683 vcex_69e91ae7d991b\"><span class=\"vcex-heading-inner wpex-inline-block\">Chinese<\/span><\/div>[vc_column_text css=&#8221;.vc_custom_1729021125312{margin-bottom: -40px !important;padding-right: 30px !important;padding-bottom: 30px !important;padding-left: 30px !important;background-color: #ffffff !important;}&#8221;]Large-scale emigration from China to the US began in the 1850s as overpopulation, land shortages, colonial warfare, and recurring famines ravaged Guangdong and other southern provinces. Going first to California, Chinese immigrants began settling in Massachusetts in the 1870s after a North Adams manufacturer recruited them during a shoemakers strike. Before long, some moved to new work sites in Worcester and Boston. By 1900, the Census counted more than a thousand Chinese in Boston, the majority from the Taishan region of Guangdong. With the passage of the Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882 and other restrictive measures, however, Chinese immigration was reduced. Although a small number of elite immigrants and &#8220;paper sons&#8221; (those with falsified documents) arrived thereafter, the Boston Chinese community remained heavily male and grew increasingly older.<\/p>\n<p>During the World War II years, the repeal of Chinese exclusion and the passage of the War Brides Acts in 1945 and 1946 allowed a small infusion of new Chinese immigrants, most notably war brides who married Asian American GIs. In the ensuing Cold War, recruitment of Chinese science and engineering students to local universities brought several hundred more new residents, many of whom sought refuge in the US after the Chinese revolution of 1949. Subsequent communist restrictions on emigration, however, meant that until the 1980s most Chinese immigrants would come from the Republic of China in Taiwan and the British colony of Hong Kong.<\/p>\n<p>Once US diplomatic relations with the Peoples Republic of China improved, a growing number of students and immigrants from the mainland began arriving in the 1980s. These newcomers came from across the country and soon outnumbered those from Hong Kong and Taiwan. Many spoke Mandarin as well as their local dialects, in contrast to the older settlers who spoke mainly Cantonese and Taishanese. Making use of the skill preferences and family reunification exemptions of the 1965 Immigration Act, the Chinese have become one of the largest foreign-born groups in the city and state.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Settlement Patterns<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>The earliest Chinese arrivals pitched their tents along Oliver Place (now known as Ping On Alley) in what would soon become Chinatown. Chinese occupancy spread to adjoining blocks as far south as Kneeland Street and later spread further south as neighboring Syrian and Irish immigrants moved out. Although the pre-World War II Chinese population remained heavily concentrated in Chinatown\u2014the nation\u2019s third largest at the time\u2014there were also small pockets of settlement in Cambridge, Lynn, and other nearby towns. These communities grew after World War II as a small but growing number of Chinese and Chinese American families relocated to the suburbs.<\/p>\n<p>After World War II and especially after 1965, growing Chinese immigration and urban renewal brought extraordinary land pressures on Chinatown. In the 1960s alone, the construction of the Massachusetts Turnpike Extension, the Southeast Expressway, and the Tufts Medical complex reduced Chinatown\u2019s land base by half while its population grew by 25 percent. Although many residents fought against unbridled development, thousands of Chinatown dwellers decamped for other neighborhoods such as the South End, Mission Hill, and Allston-Brighton. Other working and middle class families settled in nearby suburbs such as Malden and Quincy. In fact, the latter became so popular with newcomers that by 2000 its Asian American population was more than triple that of Chinatown\u2019s. In addition, Chinese American professionals have taken up residence in affluent suburbs across the metro area, including Brookline, Newton, Arlington, Lexington, Burlington, and Acton.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Workforce Participation<\/strong><\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_293\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-293\" style=\"width: 424px\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\"><a href=\"https:\/\/globalboston.bc.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/05\/ChineseLaundry1881.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-293\" src=\"https:\/\/globalboston.bc.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/05\/ChineseLaundry1881.jpg\" alt=\"Chinese hand laundry workers, 1881.\" width=\"424\" height=\"396\" srcset=\"https:\/\/globalboston.bc.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/05\/ChineseLaundry1881.jpg 621w, https:\/\/globalboston.bc.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/05\/ChineseLaundry1881-300x280.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 424px) 100vw, 424px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-293\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><em>Chinese hand laundry workers, 1881.<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\">Some of Boston\u2019s earliest Chinese settlers were laborers hired to build the Pearl Telephone Exchange downtown or to work in the railroad yards around what is now South Station. By the early 20<sup>th<\/sup> century, though, most Chinese immigrants were employed in a growing enclave economy made up of hand laundries, restaurants, and other Chinese-owned businesses. In fact, the US Census of 1900 indicated that 88 percent of Chinese workers labored in laundries, mostly small one or two-man operations scattered across the metro area.<\/p>\n<p>Other immigrants found work as cooks, servers, and dishwashers in a growing network of <a href=\"http:\/\/globalboston.bc.edu\/index.php\/restaurants-protype\/chinese-restaurants\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Chinese restaurants<\/a> that became popular with a broader American clientele after World War I. By the mid-twentieth century, many family-owned Chinese restaurants employed numerous male migrants, while Chinese women often took up sewing work in the city\u2019s garment industry. With the closing of these shops in the 1970s and 1980s, many of the women shifted into the service sector.<\/p>\n<p>At the same time, a growing stream of Chinese students and educated professional workers entered the country after 1965. Graduating from local universities, or recruited for their professional and technical expertise, Chinese immigrants have been vital contributors in the sciences, engineering, medicine, and information technology. Some have gone on to launch their own businesses in software development, biotechnology, electronics, and other industries.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/globalboston.bc.edu\/index.php\/home\/bibliography\/#chinese\"><strong>Sources and Further Reading<\/strong><\/a>[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row][vc_column width=&#8221;1\/3&#8243;]<style>.vcex-teaser.vcex_69e91ae7da5b1 .vcex-teaser-heading{color:#494949;}<\/style><div class=\"vcex-module vcex-teaser wpex-flex wpex-flex-col vc_custom_1674507802095 vcex_69e91ae7da5b1\"><div class=\"vcex-teaser-media wpex-mb-20\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.umb.edu\/iaas\/research\/past\/chinese_laundries_ma\" class=\"wpex-no-underline\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img width=\"450\" height=\"240\" src=\"https:\/\/globalboston.bc.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/05\/Laundry_page.jpg\" class=\"wpex-align-middle\" alt=\"\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" srcset=\"https:\/\/globalboston.bc.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/05\/Laundry_page.jpg 450w, https:\/\/globalboston.bc.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/05\/Laundry_page-300x160.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 450px) 100vw, 450px\" \/><\/a><\/div><div class=\"vcex-teaser-content\"><h2 class=\"vcex-teaser-heading wpex-heading wpex-text-lg wpex-child-inherit-color\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.umb.edu\/iaas\/research\/past\/chinese_laundries_ma\" class=\"wpex-no-underline\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Chinese Laundries in Massachusetts<\/a><\/h2><div class=\"vcex-teaser-text wpex-mt-10 wpex-last-mb-0 wpex-clr\"><p>Read interviews with ten Chinese Americans whose families owned hand laundries in greater Boston, an oral history project conducted by the Institute for Asian American Studies at UMass Boston and the Chinese Historical Society of New England.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div>[\/vc_column][vc_column width=&#8221;1\/3&#8243;]<style>.vcex-teaser.vcex_69e91ae7daf6a .vcex-teaser-heading{color:#494949;}<\/style><div class=\"vcex-module vcex-teaser wpex-flex wpex-flex-col vc_custom_1729027345856 vcex_69e91ae7daf6a\"><div class=\"vcex-teaser-media wpex-mb-20\"><a href=\"https:\/\/globalboston.bc.edu\/index.php\/home\/ethnic-groups\/chinese\/kwong-kow-chinese-school\/\" class=\"wpex-no-underline\"><img width=\"620\" height=\"690\" src=\"https:\/\/globalboston.bc.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/2-Tyler-St-Arthur-Krim-Macris-1997.jpg\" class=\"wpex-align-middle\" alt=\"Four story corner building with Japanese restaurant on the ground floor.\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" srcset=\"https:\/\/globalboston.bc.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/2-Tyler-St-Arthur-Krim-Macris-1997.jpg 620w, https:\/\/globalboston.bc.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/2-Tyler-St-Arthur-Krim-Macris-1997-270x300.jpg 270w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 620px) 100vw, 620px\" \/><\/a><\/div><div class=\"vcex-teaser-content\"><h2 class=\"vcex-teaser-heading wpex-heading wpex-text-lg wpex-child-inherit-color\"><a href=\"https:\/\/globalboston.bc.edu\/index.php\/home\/ethnic-groups\/chinese\/kwong-kow-chinese-school\/\" class=\"wpex-no-underline\">Kwong Kow Chinese School<\/a><\/h2><div class=\"vcex-teaser-text wpex-mt-10 wpex-last-mb-0 wpex-clr\"><p class=\"p1\">Founded in 1916, Boston\u2019s Kwong Kow Chinese School is one of the oldest Chinese schools in the country. Serving more than 20,000 children over the years, this Chinatown institution has been a model for multicultural education.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div>[\/vc_column][vc_column width=&#8221;1\/3&#8243;]<style>.vcex-teaser.vcex_69e91ae7db865 .vcex-teaser-heading{color:#494949;}<\/style><div class=\"vcex-module vcex-teaser wpex-flex wpex-flex-col vc_custom_1684332415052 vcex_69e91ae7db865\"><div class=\"vcex-teaser-media wpex-mb-20\"><a href=\"http:\/\/globalboston.bc.edu\/index.php\/restaurants-protype\/chinese-restaurants\/\" class=\"wpex-no-underline\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img width=\"1050\" height=\"700\" src=\"https:\/\/globalboston.bc.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/have_chinese_restaurants_always_looked_chinese_alt_1050x700.jpg\" class=\"wpex-align-middle\" alt=\"A colorful restaurant showing two tables, a pagoda structure, Chinese lanterns, and a wall mural of a mountain scene in China.\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" srcset=\"https:\/\/globalboston.bc.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/have_chinese_restaurants_always_looked_chinese_alt_1050x700.jpg 1050w, https:\/\/globalboston.bc.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/have_chinese_restaurants_always_looked_chinese_alt_1050x700-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/globalboston.bc.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/have_chinese_restaurants_always_looked_chinese_alt_1050x700-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/globalboston.bc.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/have_chinese_restaurants_always_looked_chinese_alt_1050x700-1024x683.jpg 1024w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1050px) 100vw, 1050px\" \/><\/a><\/div><div class=\"vcex-teaser-content\"><h2 class=\"vcex-teaser-heading wpex-heading wpex-text-lg wpex-child-inherit-color\"><a href=\"http:\/\/globalboston.bc.edu\/index.php\/restaurants-protype\/chinese-restaurants\/\" class=\"wpex-no-underline\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Chinese Restaurants in Boston<\/a><\/h2><div class=\"vcex-teaser-text wpex-mt-10 wpex-last-mb-0 wpex-clr\"><p>Chinese restaurants in Boston were strikingly successful in the early 20th century\u2014especially given the city\u2019s small Chinese population at the time. Although owners faced bitter racism and harassment, many ultimately succeeded in building prosperous and influential businesses in Chinatown and beyond.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div>[\/vc_column][\/vc_row]\n<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>[vc_row][vc_column][vc_column_text css=&#8221;.vc_custom_1467994698374{margin-top: -40px !important;border-top-width: 0px !important;border-bottom-width: 10px !important;padding-top: 15px !important;padding-bottom: 15px !important;background-color: #ffffff !important;}&#8221;] Chinese funeral on Harrison Street in Chinatown, ca. 1890. Courtesy of the Trustees of Boston Public Library. [\/vc_column_text][vc_column_text css=&#8221;.vc_custom_1729021125312{margin-bottom: -40px !important;padding-right: 30px !important;padding-bottom: 30px !important;padding-left: 30px !important;background-color: #ffffff !important;}&#8221;]Large-scale emigration from China to the US began in the 1850s as overpopulation,&hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":650,"parent":151,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-288","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","entry","has-media"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v26.8 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Chinese - Global Boston<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/globalboston.bc.edu\/index.php\/home\/ethnic-groups\/chinese\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Chinese - Global Boston\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"[vc_row][vc_column][vc_column_text css=&#8221;.vc_custom_1467994698374{margin-top: -40px !important;border-top-width: 0px !important;border-bottom-width: 10px !important;padding-top: 15px !important;padding-bottom: 15px !important;background-color: #ffffff !important;}&#8221;] Chinese funeral on Harrison Street in Chinatown, ca. 1890. Courtesy of the Trustees of Boston Public Library. 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